REFERENCES / ON THE RECORD

The CJC-1295 studies cited across this digest

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of these. Pharmacokinetics, mechanism, the GHRH-analog class, and the regulatory and analytical record.

How to read this CJC-1295 reference list

These are the sources behind the CJC-1295 digest. The core human pharmacokinetic findings come from Teichman 2006 [3] and Ionescu/Frohman 2006 [1]; the albumin-bioconjugate origin from Jette 2005 [2]; the once-daily GHRH-knockout growth result from Alba 2006 [4]; the serum-proteome biomarkers from Sackmann-Sala 2009 [5]; and the class synthesis from the 2025 Nature Reviews Endocrinology review [14]. The GHRH-GHRP synergy and secretagogue-pulsatility supporting work is listed below them. Each entry carries a DOI or PubMed link for verification.

The list is deliberately weighted toward primary literature: peer-reviewed pharmacokinetic and mechanistic studies, a review in a high-impact endocrinology journal, and the analytical-chemistry paper that identified CJC-1295 in a seized preparation [6]. Where a finding on this site is quantitative — a half-life, a fold-change, a dose, a duration — it traces to one of these entries by its bracketed number. Where the site marks an absence (no long-term safety trial, no combination efficacy trial), that absence is a statement about this same body of literature, not an oversight in the list.

  1. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797.
  2. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058.
  3. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805.
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294.
  5. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477.
  6. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650.
  7. Greater efficacy of episodic than continuous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) administration on GH release. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3).
  8. Determinants of GH-releasing hormone and GH-releasing peptide synergy in men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009.
  9. Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogues potentiate GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-induced GH secretion. Endocrinology. 2002.
  10. Differential pulsatile secretagogue control of GH secretion in healthy men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013.
  11. Agonistic analogs of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) promote wound healing. Oncotarget. 2016.
  12. GHRH expression plasmid improves osteoporosis and skin damage in aged mice. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2021.
  13. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011.
  14. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195.
  15. Neuroendocrine circuit for sleep-dependent growth hormone release. Cell. 2025.